Charge forming device



Dec. 29, 1936.

J. O. HEINZE CHARGE FORMING DEVICE Filed Aug. 7, 1935 2 sheets-sheet 1ATTORNEYS Dec. 29, 1936. .1. o. HEINZE 2,065,582

CHARGE FORMING DEVICE Filed Aug. 7, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYSPatented Dec. 29, 1936 UNITED STATES CHARGE FORMING DEVICE John O.Heinze, Detroit,

Mich., assignor to Heinze Development Company, Detroit, Mich., acorporation of Michigan Application August 7,

6 Claims.

This invention relates to means for forming gaseous mixtures of liquidfuel and air in such determined proportions as to be highly combustible,and relates more particularly to a unit device especially adapted foruse in connection with furnaces, internal combustion engines and thelike, employing such highly combustible gaseous mixtures as the heatingor power medium.

An object of the present invention is to provide a device for thepurpose which is light in weight, simple and compact in construction,and which may be substituted as a unit for the usual carbureting orother mixture supplying device or devices and separate fuel pump forsupplying liquid fuel thereto and a further object is to accuratelyproportion the fuel to the total volume of air entering the engine forthe purpose of forming the proper combustible charges or gaseous mixtureand give maximum eiciency under all running conditions and at allspeeds, said device including fuel feeding means driven by air flowinduced by engine inspiration, and air regulating means arranged toproportion, the 25 total air flow between saidl feeding means and aby-pass around said feeding means, whereby the speed of the feedingmeans is regulated and the consequent amount of fuel fed thereby, isproportioned according to the volume of air passing through said by-passand the separate volume passing through and driving said feeding means.

A further object is to provide certain other new and useful features inthe construction, arrangement and combination of elements and parts, all35 as hereinafter set forth and shown in the accompanying drawings,wherein Fig. l is a transverse vertical central section through a deviceillustrative of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse section substantially upon the line 2 2 of Fig.1;

Fig. 3 is a section substantially upon the line 3 3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a sectional detail upon the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a section upon the line 5--5 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a detail of the rotor of an air turbine showing the same Yinside elevation and detached; and

Fig. 7 is a sectional detail of a turbine rotor and stator.

As shown in the drawings I indicates a suitable casing which is adaptedto be secured at its lower end to the intake manifold of an engine (notshown). This device is adapted to be sub- 1935, Serial No. 35,025

stituted for the usual down draft carburetor but it is obvious thatitmay be used in other positions and as a substitute for other forms ofgaseous fuel supplying means. As shown, the present v device is adaptedto supply combustible charges v5 to separate manifolds, there beinglocated in suitable passages through the lower end of the casing, abutterfly valve 2 for each passage, said valves being secured to acommon shaft 3 which is operated in the usual manner by means of a crankarm 4 upon one end thereof, this arm being operated in any suitablemanner, as by the usual push and pull rod for operating the valves andcontrolling the speed of the motor to which the device is attached.

Midway of its length, the casing is formed with inwardly extendingsupporting arms 5 to support centrally within theV casing, an innercasing `member 6 of cylindrical form with its lower end closed by a wall'I and this wall is bored to receive a pair of nipples or nozzles 8 eachhaving a passage discharging directly into the air stream passing out ofthe lower end of said casing and communicating at its other end with thechamber 9 formed at the lower end of the inner casing 6 by means of atransverse supporting wall or disk I0, and within the inner casingdirectly above this wall and in contact therewith is a disk II having anaxial bore I2 which forms a pump cylinder within which is mounted aneccentric disk-like piston I3 upon an eccentrically positioned pin I4projecting from the lower end of a shaft I5, said shaft being mountedfor free vrotation within a bearing member I6 located centrally withinthe inner casing 6 directly above the xed disk II. A ball bearingconsisting of a single ball I'I mounted within a recess in the disk I0provides an end bearing for the eccentric pin I fand the piston I3 isguided in its eccentric movement within its cylinder I2 by means of ablade or abutment member I8 anchored in the piston at one end and at itsother end in the wall of the member II by means of a circular head I9rotatable within a. bore in said member II and provided with a slot toreceive the blade, so that as the piston I3 is moved by rotation of saidshaft I5 and the engage ment of the pin I4 therewith, said piston isfree to rock or move eccentrically within the cylinder I2 and thusprovide a pumping action which will draw a combustible fluid, such asgasoline or fuel oil, through an inlet port 2l) formed in the memberV IIat one side of the blade I8 and force it out through the outlet passage2i at the other side of the blade. This outlet passage opens into thechamber 9 below the supporting disk I0, and the inlet passage 20 is incommunication at its upper end with the chamber 22 within the innercasing 6 in which the bearing member I6 is positioned, this bearingmember being formed with a chamber into which said inlet opens and saidchamber is surrounded by a peripheral screen wall 23 so that gasolinesucked into said chamber 22 through an inlet passage 23a formed in Oneof the arms or ribs 5, will be filtered through the screen 23 and thencepass through the inlet passage 20 into the pump cylinder I2. The shaftI5 passes through a central opening in a disk closure 24 screwed intothe upper end of the inner casing 6 and this disk is also provided withopenings 25 for the engagement of a spanner wrench.

Secured in aniy suitable manner upon the upper end of the shaft I5, is adisk-like rotor 26 having peripheral buckets 21 and above this rotor 26is a stator 28 fixed within a horizontally disposed transverse wall 29formed integral with an adjustable air control cap member 30 having anupwardly extending tubular air intake extension 3I located axially ofthe casing and directly above and spaced from the stator 28 which statoris formed with a central conical projection 32 with its apex at the axisof the air inlet passage 3| and the peripheral edge of this stator 28 isformed with slots 33 extending in downwardly inclined position, as shownin Fig. 7 to direct air into the buckets 21 of the rotor. An air turbinedriven by ingoing air is thus provided for driving the fuel pump pistonI3.

The inlet or control cap 30 is seated within an upwardly extendingflange 34 at the periphery of the upper end of the casing I and is freeto rotate a limited distance therein relative to the casing. Thetransverse wall 29 of this cap member 30 is formed with a series ofholes or circular openings 35 arranged around the large central openingwithin which the turbine stator 28 is mounted and this wall 29 of saidcontrol cap 30 is seated upon an inwardly extending flange 36 formedintegral with the wall of the casing I, this fixed flange being alsoformed with circular holes or openings 31 corresponding to the openings35 so that by a rotative movement of the control cap, these openings 35and 31 may be brought into coincidence to provide a free passage for theair, downwardly therethrough and around the inner casing 6 and out ofthe lower end of the casing I past the valve 2 to the engine. By arotative movement of said control cap in a reverse direction theopenings 35 and 31 may be moved out of coincidence, thus closing orpartially closing this air bypass past said turbine, thus causing agreater proportion of the ow to impinge upon said rotor, and thisrotative movement of said control member is effected through theprovision of an arm 38 projecting from one side of said cap memberthrough a notch in the flange 34 cf the casing I and to which arm 38 asuitable pull and push rod (not shown) or other means may be attachedfor turning the cap to bring the openings 35 and 31 into or out ofcoincidence. Stop screws or members 39 are carried by projecting lugs 40at the sides of the notch in the flange 34 through which the arm 38extends, these stop members being adapted to be engaged by the arm 38 tolimit the turning movement of the cap 30 in both directions to give ahigh and low limit of adjustment, and these stops are adjustable so thatthe setting may be changed to change this limit of the opening orclosing movement of this control cap and thus change the proportion ofthe total air entering the inlet 3|, that may ow downwardly throughthese holes and by-pass to that of the flow which drives the rotor ofthe turbine and pump piston.

The amount of fuel which will be delivered by the pump is thereforelimited by the opening or closing of the by-pass through the holes 35and 31 and around the inner casing 6 for when these openings are closedby the turning of the cap, the whole volume of air must then passthrough `the slots 33 in the stator 28 and impinging within the buckets21 of the rotor, will drive this rotor at high speed and in turn drivethe eccentric piston I3 at a high speed causing it to pump more fuel. Asthe openings 35 and 31 are gradually opened by the turning of the cap30, more and more air is by-passed around the turbine and less airpasses through the slots 33 into impingement with the rotor 28, thusdriving the pump at a lower rate of speed and furnishing less gasolineto the chamber 9 and thence through the nozzles 8, into the main air owat the outlet end of the casing.

By proportioning the air flow between the bypass and the turbine rotor,the speed of the pump and therefore the amount of the gasoline deliveredto the inflowing current of air will be accurately controlled by theadjustment of this control or cap member 30 which controls the openingsinto the by-pass. Therefore the greater the flow of air through theby-pass, the lesser will be the speed of the pump and less gasoline willbe delivered to the ingoing air in proportion to its volume, andinversely as the air flowing through the by-pass is decreased the speedof the pump will be increased to increase the amount of fuel deliveredto the ingoing air and the greater will be the proportion of fuel tothis volume of air flow.

When the present device is installed upon a motor car, by means of asuitable pull and push rod (not shown), the control cap 30 may beaccurately rotated and thus accurately adjust the proportion of airbetween the by-pass and the passage through the rotor, thus adjustingthe proportion of the fuel to ingoing air until the motor is operatingat its best under the conditions of use at that time and therefore, thedriver of the car, while he is driving along the road, may adjust hiscarburetor to suit the particular conditions under which the engine isworking to give him a lean mixture, if desired, or to give a Very richmixture, such as when starting the engine or in going up a steep grade.A very simple accurate adjustment is therefore secured and when suchadjustment gives the best results under the conditions at that time, theadjustment may be retained and the carburetor will performI itsfunctions the same as the ordinary carburetor which has just beenadjusted to meet the particular conditions of the moment.

By the present arrangement a device is secured which is of simpleconstruction and is very light in weight due to the small size of thepump piston and its arrangement in connection with the driving rotor.The parts are so constructed as to facilitate manufacture and may bemade from a light metal so that, particularly the pump piston, will havebut little centrifugal force even when driven at very high speeds toproduce a suction which will readily lift the gasoline from the reartank on the motor car without the intervention of the usual pump whichis usually separate from the carburetor.

The present fine proportioning of fuel to ingoing air is secured throughthe proportioning between the flow of air through the by-pass and theflow of air through the driving rotor and this proportioning is securedin a very simple manner by means of the rotatable cap or air inletmember.

What I claim is:-

1. A device for the purpose described including a casing having a mainair passage for the ow of air therethrough, means within said casingdriven by said air flow through said passage to supply liquid fuel tosaid ilow, said casing having a by-pass communicating with said passageto by-pass a portion of the flow to said passage, past said means, andmeans for controlling the flow through said by-pass to vary theproportion of air now utilized for driving said fuel supplying means tothe total air flow.

2. A device of the character described including a casing having a mainair passage and a Icy-pass, a liquid fuel heating unit Within saidcasing including a rotor in said main passage operated by air ow throughsaid passage, and flow controlling means operative to divert a portionof the total air flow through said by-pass past said rotor andproportion the total air ilow between the ilow to said rotor andby-passed ow, thereby regulating the speed of the rotor and the feedingof fuel by by-passing a portion of the total air flow around said rotor.

3. A device for the purpose described including a casing having oppositeopen ends for an induced flow of air through said casing, liquid fuelfeeding means in said casing, driving means for said fuel feeding meansvoperated by air flow through said casing, said casing having an airpassage therein extending past said driving means to receive a portionof the total air oW entering at one end of the casing and to dischargethe same into the outlet end of said casing, and air ilow controllingmeans for controlling the flow of air through said air passage past saiddriving means to proportion the flow through said passage to the flowfor driving said driving means and regulate the speed of said drivingmeans and the amount of fuel supplied by said fuel feeding means inaccordance with the amount of flow passing through said passage.

4. A device for the purpose described including a casing having oppositeopen ends for an induced flow of air through said casing, a pump devicesupported centrally Within said casing and discharging into the totalair flow through said discharge end of said casing, a driving memberdriven by air flow through said casing for driving said pump, a meansdividing said casing into an intake end and a discharge end with saiddriving member in communication with said intake end and discharginginto said discharge end, air iiow control means for by-passing air pastsaid driving member into said discharge end of said casing to controlthe speed of said driving member by controllingv the amount of air flowthrough said driving member.

5. A device for the purpose described comprising a casing open at itsends and divided intermediate its ends by means forming a Wall with acentral opening, a turbine including a stator in said opening and arotor adjacent said stator driven by air flow passing through saidstator, a pump unit driven by said rotor for supplying a liquid fuel,said pump discharging into the total air flow through the outlet end ofsaid casing, and air flow controlling means to ley-pass a portion of thetotal air flow past said stator, said air flow controlling means beingadjustable to vary the amount of by-passed air now.

6. A device for the purpose described comprising a casing open at itsends and divided intermediate its ends by means forming a Wall with acentral opening, a turbine including a stator in said opening and arotor adjacent said stator driven by air flow passing through saidstator, an inner casing supported centrally Within said main casing andadjacent said rotor with said rotor discharging around said innercasing, a pump in said inner casing comprising a circular cylinder andan eccentric disk-like piston in said cylinder driven by said rotor,said pump having outlet means discharging into the total air ow throughthe outlet end of said main casing, and air flow control means includingan annular member seated on said dividing Wall and surrounding saidstator, said annular member and said Wall being formed with openings tobe brought into registry by rotative movement of said member to by-passa part of the total air ilow around said turbine.

JOHN O. HEINZE.

